CSL Limited provided sera from vaccinated adults (aged 18–60 years) and the elderly (61–85 years) undergoing vaccination field trials in 2004 and 2005. Current status of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in the US. Epub 2018 Mar 7. This sensitivity to antigenic variation in the infection cohort was Veterinarians, immunologists, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the discipline of virology and cellular biology, as well as livestock owners will find this book helpful. Sequencing RNA extraction, RT-PCR and sequencing were performed as previously published.9, Sequences were assembled using the Lasergene Seqman package IV (DNAStar V5.3) and phylogenetic relationships determined with PHYLIP V 3.5.7,10 using the neighbour-joining method on Australian National Genomic Information Service and dendrograms were drawn using Treeview.11. 2021 Jul 8;13(7):1320. doi: 10.3390/v13071320. Barr IG, Komadina N, Hurt A, Shaw R, Durrant C, Iannello P, et al. Prior to use in HAIs, B viruses were 'split' using an ether treatment method as previously described.8 Briefly, viruses were mixed with an equal volume of Diethyl Ether (Merck) and vigorously stirred without frothing for four hours by magnetic stirrer. The effectiveness of influenza vaccines against circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was modest for several seasons despite the absence of antigenic drift of … The continued co-circulation of two influenza B lineages makes selection of the best matched influenza B virus for the annual influenza vaccine difficult, especially as this decision has to be made some 9–10 months before the peak of the upcoming influenza season. Int J Infect Dis 2006: In press. This book provides researchers with a better understanding of what is currently known about these diseases, including whether there is a vaccine available or under development. 5. Antigenic drift occurs in both influenza A and influenza B viruses, but the pattern observed is somewhat different for the different viruses. 2021 Jun 1;72(11):e776-e783. † B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage. It is worth noting that in many sera from post-vaccinated adults and the elderly, modest but useful levels of antibody were produced against viruses from the alternative B lineage not present in the vaccine. The B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages were serologically distinct, for example the ferret sera raised to B/Brisbane/32/2002, a B/Victoria lineage virus, gave good HAI titres to B/Victoria-like strains but none against viruses from the B/Yamagata lineage. J Gen Virol 1992;73:2737–2742. In this study, characterization of influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B viruses recently circulating in Germany was performed by molecular and antigenic analysis. The vaccine used in these trials (FluvaxTM , CSL Limited, Australia) contained influenza strains representing the currently circulating strain as recommended by the Australian Influenza Vaccine Committee (AIVC) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Search Communicable Diseases Intelligence, Communicable Diseases Intelligence subscriptions. 8. Monash University Gippsland, Churchill, Victoria, Corresponding author: Dr Ian Barr, Deputy Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, 45 Poplar Road, PARKVILLE VIC 3052. 22. [Influenza activity in China from 2000 to 2001]. Table 1 shows the HAI assay of B viruses from the region representative of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages from 2004 to 2005. There was drift in influenza A(H3N2) dominant epitopes B (2014 and 2015) to epitopes A (2016) with a theoretical efficiency in vaccine ranging from low to moderate. Epub 2019 Nov 14. Several immune escape mutations and antigenic drift were observed in H7N9 variants. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2003 Jan;24(1):4-8. Residual ether was removed from the virus layer by slowly bubbling through gaseous nitrogen. Amino acid substitution at position 71 has been shown to drive antigenic drift both in swine and human H1 influenza viruses 38,39, and could explain the … Whereas drift … Preliminary characterization of type B viruses isolated in the United States this season indicates that B/Georgia/1/86 and B/Ann Arbor/1/86 exhibit some antigenic drift from B/USSR/100/83, the type B virus component of the currently available influenza … Of the seven antibodies, six (NA-1A03, NA-1G05, NA-2D10, NA-2E01, NA-2H09 and NA-3C01) showed broad reactivity against influenza B virus strains spanning over more than 70 years of antigenic drift, going back as far as the ancestral strain B/Lee/1940. Anamnestic Immune Response and Safety of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Primed Versus Vaccine-Naïve Children. Australian B/Victoria-like viruses isolated in 2005 phylogenetically grouped mainly around the B/Malaysia/2506/2004 clade (data not shown) or the B/Ohio/1/2005 clade (Figure 2). Countries where less than five B viruses were detected in that year were not included. ANTIGENIC DRIFT: | View larger image | “Antigenic” refers to proteins on the virus’s surface that allow the virus to infect its host and that cause the host’s immune system to react. The proportion of influenza type A and influenza type B viruses circulating varies each year and in each country, as does the lineage of influenza B strains. To meet the challenge of antigenic drift, vaccines that confer broad protection against heterovariant strains are needed against seasonal, epidemic and pandemic … 2004 Jul;103(1-2):47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.011. Drinka PJ, Gravenstein S, Langer E, Krause P, Shult P. Mortality following isolation of various respiratory viruses in nursing home residents. A study of the morphogenesis of virions is also presented. A chapter is devoted to virus-induced changes of cell structures and functions. The book can provide useful information to virologists, microbiologists, students, and researchers. Current annual vaccines contain two type A strains and one type B strain and are capable of inducing strong antibody … During interpandemic years, evolution of seasonal influenza viruses has been thought to accrue via minute mutations in the genetic code of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, a process referred to as antigenic drift. 13. This partial cross-reactivity reduces the need for an additional B virus lineage to be added to the vaccine currently. [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K. Comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the haemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza B virus: multiple co-circulating lineages and frequent reassortment of the NP, M and NS genes. Circulation of influenza type B viruses in the Asia-Pacific region, 2000 to 2005. Found insideThe book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. This book presents the theory of influenza and its imaging characteristics. Zhang Y, Li Z, Guo JF, Wang M, Wen LY, Guo YJ. WHO, the manufacturer and regulators in other countries have not embraced this approach due to its impact on production capacity, cost, and the lack of time to produce reagents. The molecular basis of antigenic drift was determined for the hemagglutinin (HA) of human influenza A/H3N2 virus. Influenza viruses can evolve in a gradual way through mutations in the genes that relate to the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (HA and NA in shorthand). and update the composition of influenza vaccines. Reduced Influenza B-Specific Postvaccination Antibody Cross-reactivity in the B/Victoria Lineage-Predominant 2019/20 Season. However there was a moderate rise in antibody geometric mean titre (GMT) levels against viruses representing the alternative lineage with both the 2004 and 2005 vaccines in both adults and the elderly sera examined, albeit some fivefold lower GMTs than viruses from the matched lineage. Antigenic 'drift' occurs in HA and NA, and is associated with seasonal epidemics. antigenic drift, were similar to those for H3-HK-1968 and were higher than the corresponding titers from the animals in the infection cohort. These epidemiological forms of influenza result from distinct mechanisms of antigenic variation in the surface glycoproteins of the virus, referred to as antigenic … The B/Victoria lineages predominated in the Asia-Pacific region in 2005, with the exception of New Caledonia, which had viruses exclusively from the B/Yamagata lineage. Genomics Inform. Antigenic drift can occur in all three types of influenza: A, B, and C. From 1968 to 2003, antigenic change was caused mainly by single amino acid substitutions, which occurred at only seven positions in HA immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site. Antigenic and genetic analysis has revealed gradual movement in the both lineages. In this article we describe the distribution of the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2005 and compare the antigenic and genetic drift of these two lineages over this period. The disease is caused by three types of RNA viruses called influenza types A, B and C, each consisting of eight negative single-stranded RNA-segments encoding 11 proteins. Can Commun Dis Rep 2001:27;37–40. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious … Influenza vaccine--outmaneuvering antigenic shift and drift. ( B ). Influenza B virus antigenic drift is less frequent than that in the A strains and antigenic shift is unknown. © Commonwealth of AustraliaABN: 83 605 426 759, Australian Government Department of Health, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-surveil-labvise-labdata.htm, Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA), Communicable Diseases Intelligence Technical report series, Blood borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections. While the … Continuous and extensive antigenic variation has been shown for hemagglutinin (HA), the principal immunizing antigen of the virus. Rota PA, Hemphill ML, Whistler T, Regnery HL, Kendal AP. The recent vaccine strains for the two lineages were B/Brisbane/32/2002 (B/Victoria) in 2003 and 2004 and B/Jiangsu/10/2003 (B/Yamagata) in 2005. Influenza B virus – New Zealand, International Society for Infectious Disease, ProMed Mail, Available from: http://www.promedmail.org, Reference number 20050622.1755. The year 2003 was predominantly an A(H3) year and influenza B was virtually absent from the region with the exception of low levels of activity in Australia, Taiwan and Malaysia which mainly were of B/Yamagata lineage. Molecular analysis of isolates from influenza B outbreaks in the U.S. and Nepal, 2005. Influenza B virus outbreak on a cruise ship – Northern Europe, 2000. 2018; 99:1001–1011. The two lineages are represented by the reference strains B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88. It will be used to make improvements to this website. Indeed, the Japanese manufacturers now also only produce a trivalent influenza vaccine with a single B component. Accessibility Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The distribution of the two type B lineages in the Asia-Pacific region were based on samples received at the centre from 2000 to 2005 and typed by HAI analysis as shown in Figure 1. Antigenic site A (red color) and antigenic site B (blue color) are localized on the top of HA around the receptor binding pocket. PLoS One. The advances in rapid biochemical procedures, novel biosensing schemes, fully integrated lab-on-a-chip platforms, prolonged biomolecular storage strategies, device miniaturization and interfacing, and emerging smart system technologies ... Pediatr Infect Dis J. Antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule of influenza B viruses was studied with monoclonal antibodies. In this study, characterization of influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B viruses recently circulating in Germany was performed by molecular and antigenic analysis. Thus, we observe a faster rate of antigenic drift in influenza A/H3N2 than in A/H1N1 or either lineage of influenza B. Both influenza A and B viruses undergo antigenic drift. 3. PMC This makes the matching of the B vaccine strain to the circulating strain an important part of minimising the effects of the virus. The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Bhat N, Wright JG, Broder KR, Murray EL, Greenberg ME, Glover MJ, et al. Phylogenetically both lineages have shown modest antigenic drift over the last six years. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; Canberra. 6. pigs and horses) and avian … Careers. Epub 2018 Oct 31. In 2000, the B/Yamagata lineage viruses predominated throughout the Asia-Pacific region with five of the six countries studied having B/Yamagata-like viruses exclusively. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. During the 1980s B/Victoria-like viruses were the predominant B lineage throughout the region, while from 1991 to 2000 the B/Yamagata lineage predominated in many countries with the B/Victoria lineage confined mainly to East Asia.6 From 2000 onward, the B/Victoria lineage was again seen in increasing proportions outside Asia and was the predominant B lineage in the region in 2002 and in many countries in 2005. McCullers JA, Wang GC, He S, Webster RG. Accessibility In 2002 the B/Victoria lineage predominated almost exclusively in the region, yet Taiwan still had a greater proportion of B/Yamagata-like isolates (67%). 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